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- PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
- JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
- CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
- PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
-
- GALILEO ANTENNA RELEASE AND DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM
-
- Early in December 1991, the Galileo flight team will resume
- a planned program of activities on the Galileo spacecraft to free
- the stuck ribs of the umbrella-like high-gain antenna by cooling
- and shrinking the antenna central tower.
- This operation will be the third in a series of cooling
- exercises in which the Galileo spacecraft turns away from the
- Sun, cooling the entire antenna by radiation to black space
- behind the main spacecraft sunshade.
- Since the antenna failed to deploy in April 1991, Galileo's
- engineers have performed many tests and analyses and have learned
- a great deal. They conclude that a flexible program of multiple
- activities, including repeated temperature cycles, conceivably
- lasting deep into the mission, is the best way to get the antenna
- deployed. They do not believe the antenna has been damaged.
- Previous cooling turns, in July and August 1991, dropped the
- temperature in the critical area by an estimated 200 degrees
- Celsius (360 degrees Fahrenheit), and reduced the length of the
- tower out to the sticking zone by an estimated 1.8 millimeters
- (about 0.070 inch). The ribs, believed bound in place by
- friction between alignment pins and their receptacles, did not
- spring loose then. However, analysis suggests the pins may have
- "walked" toward freedom during those cooling activities.
- The December cooling exercise, intended to reach somewhat
- lower temperatures, will begin with the shutting down of a number
- of electrical elements in the upper part of the spacecraft; other
- electrical equipment in the spacecraft bus nearby will be turned
- off or have power reduced, to cut down the amount of electrical
- heating. After a week of pre-cooling, Galileo will turn about
- 165 degrees away from the Sun, far enough to shade the entire
- antenna and tower. It will remain in this attitude for 50 hours,
- just over two days, and then turn back.
- During the antenna's sunless period, controllers will not be
- able to collect telemetry information from the spacecraft. The
- transmitter will be on low power, and the operating low-gain
- antenna will be faced away from the Earth.
- Immediately after the cooling turn, the Galileo team will
- measure the rotating spacecraft's wobble angle, to see whether
- the center of gravity has shifted, indicating release of one or
- more ribs, and will methodically collect and analyze other
- appropriate measurements. From mid-November to mid-April 1992,
- the spacecraft is so far from Earth that the low-gain antenna can
- only deliver telemetry at 10 bits per second, the lowest rate.
- Galileo will be at its greatest distance from the Sun in the
- present orbit on January 11, 1992; ten days later it will be at
- the maximum distance from the Earth. It will be lined up on the
- far side of the Sun from Earth January 22, making communication
- difficult. However, the project team plans to command another
- cooling turn late in January.
-
- Beginning with the January exercise, the team plans to
- precede each cooling period with a warming turn. The spacecraft
- will turn about 45 degrees away from the Sun line, exposing the
- antenna and most of its central tower to solar warming, in order
- to maximize the temperature excursion and thus the variation in
- the tower's length, to accelerate the rib-freeing process.
- The next temperature cycle could be planned for late
- February, and perhaps monthly thereafter until the ribs are
- released. The 40-bit telemetry rate will return in mid-April,
- easing and speeding the process of collecting spacecraft data.
- A number of possibilities for bumping or shaking the 2-1/2-
- ton spacecraft have been considered, from retracting and
- redeploying the second low-gain antenna boom to increasing the
- spin rate to pulsing the propulsion system thrusters.
- However, temperature cycling the antenna appears to be the
- most powerful and least risky single method to free the ribs,
- especially in the light of the "walking the pins free"
- hypothesis. Indeed, the engineering analysts believe that
- repeated cycling is the key to freeing the pins, the ribs, and
- the antenna.
- Once the ribs are confirmed to be free, engineers will test
- and then start the two deployment motors once more to crank the
- antenna open. It then will be fully checked out and placed in
- service.
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- 12/4/91 jhw